Атом — бұл зарядсыз, бейтарап бөлшек 3. Ол ортасында өзінен радиусы 104–105 есе кіші көлемді алып жатқан оң зарядты ядродан және оны айнала қозғалып жүрген теріс зарядты электрондардан тұрады 34.
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