Экожүйедегі зат айналымы — бұл әртүрлі қосылыстардың құрамындағы химиялық элементтердің тірі организмдер, атмосфера, топырақ, гидросфера және литосфера арасында айналады 1.
Әрбір жануар немесе өсімдік өзінің экожүйесінің қоректік тізбектерінде болып, жансыз табиғатпен заттармен алмасады, сондықтан биосфераның заттарының айналымына кіреді 12.
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